> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.ntop.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Blocks ### Create #### Primitives Create a box from a center point, length, width, and height. Create a Cube with equal length sides. Create a box from two corner points. Create a box from two corner points and an edge radius. Create a skewed box from 3 vectors. Create a cylinder from two points. Create a Cylinder along a line segment with a given radius. Create a Rounded Cylinder from two points and two radii. Create a capsule. Create a sphere from a center point and radius. Create a cone from two points and two radii. Create a torus from a center point, axis, and two radii. Create a radially symmetric polygon. Create a circle from a center point, radius, and normal vector. Create a bounding box from two corner points. Create a rectangle from a center point, length, and width. Create a rectangle from two corner points. Create a slot from a center point, width, and height. Create a slot from two end points. Create a cubic Bezier distance field. The signed distance of a planar cubic Bezier curve will be returned. Create a conic section distance field. The signed distance of a planar conic curve will be returned. #### Vectors Create a point from its XYZ components. Create a vector from its XYZ components. Create a Plane from an origin and Vector directions as axes. Create a Plane from an origin and a Vector normal direction. Create an Axis from a point and a direction Vector. Create a frame from an origin and axes. Offset a plane by a distance. Positive values will offset along the plane's normal and negative directions will offset against the plane's normal. Create a point linearly interpolated between two points. Create a Point at specified local coordinates within a Frame. #### Curves Create a line with the given two points. Create a line segment from a point, direction, and length. Create a Spline using a list of points as control points. Create a Spline that passes through multiple points. Create a cubic spline that passes through multiple points with corresponding tangent vectors. Create a Polyline from a list of points. Create a polycurve from a list of curves. Curves must have shared endpoints. Create an arc intersecting three points. Create an arc from a start point, tangent direction, and end point. Create an arc from an axis, start point, and angle. Create a conic specified by three points and a rho value. Create a conic specified by two points, two tangents, and a rho value. The apex point of the conic will be determined by the intersection of the tangent lines at the start and end points. Create a smooth spline connection with G0, G1 or G2 continuity, and optionally trim the input curves and join the result into a Polycurve. Trim a curve with an implicit body. A list of trimmed curves is returned. Returns a list of intersection points between a Curve and an Implicit Body. Create a point at a specified distance along a curve. Create a frame at a specified distance along a curve. The resulting frame will have its Z axis along the curve tangent, its X axis along the curve normal, and its Y axis along the curve binormal. Mirror a curve about a plane, returning only the mirrored copy. Evaluate the curvature of a curve at a specified distance along a curve. Create a polygon from planar points. Create a profile from a list of curves. Merge multiple Profiles into a single Profile. Duplicate vertices will not be removed. #### Color Create a color from R, G, B, and A values between 0 and 1. ### Modeling #### Operations Create an extrusion from a profile, distance, and direction. Extrude and Boolean Subtract a Profile from a solid. The profile will be cut through the entirety of the Target body. Offset the surface of an Implicit Body inward or outward. Positive values will offset outward, and negative values will offset inward. Create a thickened hollow Implicit body using an input implicit body boundary as a mid-surface, effectively offsetting the body's surface in both the positive and negative directions. Hollow an object by offsetting inward or outward the outer surface of an implicit body. Shear an implicit body in a direction. Revolve a profile around an axis. Sweep a profile along a curve. Twist an implicit body. Array an implicit body Linearly in the X, Y, and Z directions. Array an Implicit Body around an Axis. Mirrors an Implicit Body about a plane. #### Booleans Combine multiple Implicit Bodies into a single Implicit Body. Boolean subtract the Implicit bodies with a blend Create an Implicit Body where the input bodies spatially overlap. Subtract an Implicit Body from another with additional clearance between them. This can be used for ensuring there is a minimum distance between two bodies. Add a pipe at the intersection of two implicit bodies. #### Remap Remap an implicit body into a cylindrical space. The only values that will be mapped are values along the positive X-axis, and the Y-axis between -length/2 and +length/2. This block will also attempt to scale the field values to compensate for distortion. If the compensation is not preferred, use the Remap Cylindrical Field block. Remap an implicit body into a spherical space. The only values that will be mapped are values along the positive X-axis, the Y-axis between -length/2 and +length/2, and the positive Z-axis. This block will also attempt to scale the field values to compensate for distortion. If the compensation is not preferred, use the Remap Spherical Field block. Remap an implicit body to scale it in the X, Y, and Z directions. This block will attempt to scale the field values to compensate for distortion. If the compensation is not preferred, use the Remap Scale Field block. #### Evaluation Calculate the mass properties of an implicit body. Calculates the surface area of an Implicit Body. Integrate a function through the volume of an implicit body. Integrate a function over the surface of an implicit body. Integrate a Scalar Field along a curve. Computes the signed distance from a planar curve to an axis. The curve must behave like a function relative to the axis, meaning it has exactly one output distance for each input along the axis. Return a Scalar Field of the distance along the input direction to a target surface Mesh. Returns a scalar field of the perpendicular distance to a target mesh. Create a Scalar Field of the curvature values of an Implicit Body or a surface Mesh. Create an implicit body containing the Gaussian curvature values of an object. #### Utilities Reparameterize the UV space of a CAD face. Attempts to merge multiple CAD surface bodies or CAD faces together within a tolerance, always outputs the results as a list. For those looking to join together multiple CAD solid bodies it is recommended to use the Boolean Union operation, which requires implicit bodies. Stitches together adjacent CAD faces into a single CAD body. During this operation CAD faces are not merged into a single face or surface. When this operation results in multiple CAD bodies an error will occur, instead use Stitch CAD Bodies which can return multiple bodies. For those looking to generate a Lattice across multiple CAD faces, it is recommended to generate a quad mesh from this block and then use the Cell Map from Quad Mesh + Periodic Lattice Blocks. Combine a solid body with multiple inner voids to create a body with inner shells. Extract a profile from a section of an implicit body. Set the Bounding Box of an Implicit Body. Refine the bounding box of an implicit body given a tolerance. Smoothen an implicit Body with a Gaussian image kernel. Flips the normal of each face of the input Mesh. Collapses and merges the vertices of a Graph that are within a given distance of each other. Merges multiple Graph together into a single Graph. Duplicate vertices, beams, and faces will be removed. Split a mesh into a list of connected components. Filter a mesh list using a volume threshold. Removes faces of a mesh using an Implicit Body. Faces with at least one vertex within the implicit will remain. If Reverse is checked, faces with at least one vertex outside of the implicit will remain. Select faces of a surface mesh using a flood fill operation. The block chooses the closest mesh face to the specified origin (in a specific direction, if provided), and uses a flood fill operation to select all faces that can be reached from that face without crossing edges at which the angle between face normals exceeds the specified angle. Simplifies a Mesh by a specified target percentage, represented as a value from 0 to 1. An input of 0.1 will remove approximately 10 percent of the faces. A value of 1 will attempt to remove as many faces as possible, while still trying to preserve the general shape of the Mesh. Reduces the number of faces in a mesh as much as possible while keeping the distance between the surfaces of the input and output meshes below the specified Threshold. If the deviation from the output Mesh to input Mesh is larger than expected, try remeshing the input Mesh with the Remesh Surface block before using Simplify Mesh by Threshold. Triangulates a mesh by splitting each quad to a pair of triangular faces. Triangular faces will be left unchanged. Quadrangulate a triangular or quad mesh by remeshing. Refine a mesh with subdivision. Catmull-Clark subdivision is applied for quad dominant meshes. Loop subdivision is used for triangle meshes. Creates a Mesh comprised of a single face from 3 or 4 vertex points. Input the face's vertices in counter-clockwise order. If out of order, the face will be self-intersecting. Project multiple points to a plane. Project a Curve to a Plane. Finds the points on the surface of an Implicit Body closest to the input points and returns a list of Closest Point Properties objects. Each object contains the output point, the output point's normal vector, and the distance to the original point. Switch the block overload to input a single point and receive one Closest Point Properties object. Generate a randomized list of points on the surface of a mesh. Generate a randomized list of points within an implicit body. Generate a randomized list of points inside a volume mesh. Apply an offset to the narrow band of a voxel grid. Apply a filtering function to smoothen a voxel grid. Computes the intersection between the zero-surface of an implicit and a ray via sphere tracing. Sample a curve using a specified length increment. Extracts all CAD Bodies from a Component. Extracts CAD Bodies from a Component based on color. Extracts CAD Bodies from a Component based on name. Extract all CAD Faces from a CAD Body. Extracts CAD Faces from a CAD Body based on color. Extracts CAD Faces from a CAD Body based on name. Create a Point on a surface at specified U and V parameters. Combine multiple bounding boxes into a single bounding box. ### Lattices #### Lattice Generates a Lattice that completely fills a Volume by tessellating a Unit Cell along rectangular coordinates. This block accepts a Non-Parametric Unit Cell, with additional overloads for 1 or 2 Parameter Unit Cells. By default, the Lattice's beams are then trimmed to the surface of the Volume input. Provide an optional Frame input to customize the origin and orientation of the rectangular coordinates. Generates a Lattice that completely fills a Volume by tessellating a Unit Cell along cylindrical coordinates. This block accepts a Non-Parametric Unit Cell, with additional overloads for 1 or 2 Parameter Unit Cells. By default, the Lattice's beams are then trimmed to the surface of the Volume input. Provide an optional Frame input to customize the origin and orientation of the cylindrical coordinates. Generates a Lattice that completely fills a Volume by tessellating a Unit Cell along spherical coordinates. This block accepts a Non-Parametric Unit Cell, with additional overloads for 1 or 2 Parameter Unit Cells. By default, the Lattice's beams are then trimmed to the surface of the Volume input. Provide an optional Frame input to customize the origin and orientation of the spherical coordinates. Generates a Lattice by tessellating a Unit Cell through a Cell Map. #### Unit Cells Single parameter graph Unit Cell. Parameter 1: Thickness. Single Parameter triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) Unit Cell. Minimal surfaces are defined as surfaces that have the minimum possible surface area stretched across a particular contour. TPMS are crystalline minimal surfaces, meaning they are periodic in 3 dimensions. Parameter 1: Mid-surface Offset - Offset of the TPMS as a positive or negative approximate distance. This will shift the mid-surface wall inward or outward. Single Parameter triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) Unit Cell. Minimal surfaces are defined as surfaces that have the minimum possible surface area stretched across a particular contour. TPMS Unit Cells are periodic in all 3 dimensions. Parameter 1: Thickness - Thickness of the TPMS walls. 2 Parameter triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) Unit Cell. Minimal surfaces are defined as surfaces that have the minimum possible surface area stretched across a particular contour. TPMS Unit Cells are periodic in all 3 dimensions. Parameter 1: Thickness - Thickness of the TPMS walls. Parameter 2: Mid-surface Offset - Offset of the TPMS as a positive or negative approximate distance. This will shift the mid-surface wall inward or outward. Changes the orientation of a Unit Cell. Constructs a Non-parametric Unit Cell from an Implicit Body. Import Unit Cell Rule file from an external location. #### Cell Maps Creates a rectangular Cell Map within an Implicit Body. By default, the Cell Map's starting point is set to the min point of the body's bounding box. To customize the map's orientation and position, use the optional Frame input. Creates a cylindrical Cell Map within an Implicit Body. By default, the Cell Map's starting point is auto-computed based on the body's principal axes about the center of mass. To customize the map's orientation and position, use the optional Frame input. Creates a spherical Cell Map within an Implicit Body. By default, the Cell Map's starting point is set to the centroid of the body's bounding box. To customize the map's orientation and position, use the optional Frame input. Constructs a Cell Map from a CAD face. Constructs volumetric lattice cells between two CAD faces. Creates a Cell Map that is conformal to a quad mesh. Note that the underlying U, V field properties will not be continuous. #### Conformal Creates a Lattice from a surface Mesh using the features specified in the method input. Creates a Lattice from a Volume Mesh using the features specified in the method input. #### Stochastic Creates a Lattice from the Voronoi diagram of a list of Points restricted to the surface boundary of a body. Creates a Lattice from the Voronoi diagram of a list of Points within a volume. Creates a branching tree-like Lattice between two lists of points. Creates a Lattice forming a Delaunay tetrahedralization from a Point List. Creates an Orthofoam Lattice by generating beams between points within a certain distance and direction of each other. A scaling vector field is used to help influence the direction in which points will be connected. #### Utilities Trims a Cell Map with an Implicit Body. Warp the unit cell size distribution of a cell map using 3 sizing fields. Trims a lattice with an Implicit Body as a trimming tool. Modifies the thickness of a Lattice. Merges multiple Graph together into a single Graph. Duplicate vertices, beams, and faces will be removed. Creates directional ribs from the beams of a Lattice. Extends open beams within a Lattice. Collapses and merges the vertices of a Graph that are within a given distance of each other. Remove all of the intermediate vertices of a Graph where the vertex valency is equal to 2. All intermediate vertices will be removed by default, but an optional threshold angle may be used to preserve sharp vertices. Constructs a Graph from a list of Line Segments. Each Line Segment becomes a beam in the resulting Graph. Line Segments that share endpoints will join a shared vertex. Duplicate Line Segments will be removed. Constructs a Graph from the faces of a Mesh. Creates a Lattice from a list of filtered Beams. The Beams must have originated from the same Lattice. This block is used internally in the Filter Beams utility blocks. Creates a Lattice from a Graph and a Thickness Scalar Field. The Graph's existing thickness data will be overridden. Filters the beams of a Lattice by a beam length criteria and a conditional. Filters the beams of a Lattice by their angle with respect to a plane. Selects beams of an input Lattice that match a beam connectivity type. Filters the beams of a Lattice by a region and a containment. Filters the beams of a Lattice by a beam thickness criteria and a conditional. Filters the beams of a Lattice based on a criteria. ### Fields #### Remap Remap the values of a field by using separate X, Y, and Z scalar field components for a new evaluation location. Remap a scalar field into a cylindrical space. The only values that will be mapped are values along the positive X-axis, and the Y-axis between -length/2 and +length/2. This block will not attempt to scale the field values to compensate for distortion. If the compensation is preferred, use the Remap Cylindrical Body block. Remap a scalar field into a spherical space. The only values that will be mapped are values along the positive X-axis, the Y-axis between -length/2 and +length/2, and the positive Z-axis. This block will not attempt to scale the field values to compensate for distortion. If the compensation is preferred, use the Remap Spherical Body block. Remap a scalar field to scale it in the X, Y, and Z directions. This block will not attempt to scale the field values to compensate for distortion. If the compensation is preferred, use the Remap Scale Body block. #### Periodic Create an unbounded Scalar Field of a dimensionless Gyroid periodic pattern, with values ranging from -1 to 1. Create an unbounded Scalar Field of a dimensionless Diamond periodic pattern, with values ranging from -1 to 1. Create an unbounded Scalar Field of a dimensionless Schwarz periodic pattern, with values ranging from -1 to 1. Create an unbounded Scalar Field of a dimensionless Lidinoid periodic pattern, with values ranging from -1 to 1. Create an unbounded Scalar Field of a dimensionless SplitP periodic pattern, with values ranging from -1 to 1. Create an unbounded Scalar Field of a dimensionless Neovius periodic pattern, with values ranging from -1 to 1. #### Noise Create a simplex noise function. Create a cellular noise function. #### Utilities Smoothen a field with a Gaussian image kernel. Return the Scalar values at specified locations of a Scalar Field. Evaluate the gradient of a scalar field at specific locations. Set the Bounding Box of an Implicit Body. Generates a field that indicates angle with respect to a direction. Measures the thickness of a Mesh and creates a Scalar Field of the values. The thickness of a Mesh is defined as twice the distance from a point on its medial axis to the surface. Only Meshes with non-degenerate medial axes are supported. Meshes with a degenerate medial axis, such as a sphere, may give unexpected results. Create a Scalar Field from a map of points and value data. Create a Scalar Field from a map of points and value data using radial basis interpolation. Create a Point Map by assigning a list of Scalars to a list of Points of the same length. Import scalar point map data from a CSV file. Each row of the source file should be formatted as "x, y, z, s." Import vector point map data from a CSV file. Each row of the source file should be formatted as "x, y, z, u, v, w." Filters a list of points to retain those either inside, outside, or along the boundary of a implicit body and returns a point list of those satisfying the criteria. Generate a two body interpolation field from two implicits. ### Math #### Operations Return the addition of two Integers. Return the subtraction of one Integer from another. Return the multiplication of two Integers. Divide a Scalar number by another Scalar number. Return a Scalar number raised to a power, where Input A represents the number to raise and Input B represents the exponent. Return the square of an Integer. Return the third power of an Integer. Return the fourth power of an Integer. Evaluate the mathematical constant "e" raised to the input Scalar number. Return the square root of a Scalar number. Return the third root of a Scalar number. Return the fourth root of a Scalar number. Return the Nth root of a Scalar number, where Input A represents the number to root and Input B represents N. Return the natural logarithm of a Scalar number. Return the remainder from the division of one Integer from another. Return the smallest value between two Integers. Return the largest value between two Integers. Return an average of a list of Points. Return the absolute value of a Scalar number. #### Trigonometry Return the sine of a Scalar number. Return the cosine of a Scalar number. Return the tangent of a Scalar number. Return the inverse sine of a Scalar number. Return the inverse cosine of a Scalar number. Return the inverse tangent of a Scalar number. Return the four-quadrant inverse tangent of a Scalar number. #### Vectors Return an interior angle between two Vector directions. Get an arbitrary perpendicular vector from the input vector. Create a vector field from scalar field components. Create a 2D vector field from scalar field components. Create a vector field from the gradient directions of a field. Return the dot product of two Vectors. Return the cross product of two Vectors. Derives the angle of a vector relative to a plane. Returns the absolute value of the smallest angle in degrees. #### Constants Return the mathematical constant e, or Euler's number. Return the standard acceleration from gravity near the surface of Earth. Return the mathematical constant phi, or golden ratio. Return the mathematical constant pi. #### Logic Return a Bool of the logical AND operation on two Bools. Return a Bool of the logical OR operation on two Bools. Return a Bool of the logical XOR operation on two Bools. Return a Bool of the logical NOT operation on a Bool value. Return a true Bool value if the first Scalar number is less than the second, false if otherwise. Return a true Bool value if the first Scalar number is greater than the second, false if otherwise. Return a true Bool value if the first Scalar number is less than or equal to the second, false if otherwise. Return a true Bool value if the first Scalar number is greater than or equal to the second, false if otherwise. Return a true Bool value if the first Scalar number does not equal the second, false if otherwise. Return a true Bool value if the first Color is equal to the second Color, false if otherwise. #### Utilities Evaluate an expression with local variables. Map a Scalar number in one range to its relative position in another range. This will map the value in a linear fashion, and will not clamp values outside the bounds. Clamp a scalar value between min and max. Values lower than min will clamp to min, and values greater than max will clamp to max. Return a Scalar Field with all "Not a Number" values in Input A replaced by values in Input B. Create a field that compares the values of one field to another. If the first field value is lower, -1 will be returned. If the two field values are equal, 0 will be returned. If the first field value is higher, 1 will be returned. Ramp scalar value in one range to its relative position in another range, with clamped bounds. Mix one scalar value with another scalar value, based on a mixing factor. Use piece-wise interpolation to compute the output value of a function approximated by a set of field data points. Create an equally spaced sequence between two values. Create an equally spaced sequence of values. Creates a sequence of random scalar numbers from 0 to 1. Map a value to the least increment of an interval that is greater than or equal to the value. Map a value to the greatest increment of an interval less than or equal to the value. Map a value by either rounding up to the smallest increment of an interval that is not less than the value or by rounding down to the largest increment of an interval that is not greater than the value. ### Structures #### Analysis Calculate displacements, strains, stresses, and reaction forces on an FE Model subject to applied boundary conditions. The loads are assumed to be applied slowly until the model reaches a state of equilibrium, and the relationship between loads and displacements is assumed to be linear. All inertial and damping forces are neglected. Calculate the natural frequencies and mode shapes of an FE Model subject to prescribed boundary conditions. This block calculates a specified number of vibration modes. Providing minimum and maximum frequencies bounds the range of frequencies to be returned. Removing the optional Restraints input leads to a free-free Modal Analysis. Calculate the critical buckling loads and buckling mode shapes of an FE Model subject to prescribed boundary conditions. The resulting eigenvalues are factors by which the load must be multiplied to reach the critical buckling load for that mode. Perform steady state heat conduction analysis on an FE Model subject to prescribed temperature and heat flux boundary conditions. All transient effects of heat transfer are neglected and the temperatures are reported assuming that the system has reached equilibrium. Performs a numerical homogenization on an FE Model representing a unit cell of a periodic structure to estimate effective mechanical and thermal properties of an equivalent bounding volume of the unit cell. The homogenized elastic properties are computed from the displacement fields associated with six unit strain loads in the X, Y, Z, XY, XZ, YZ directions while the thermal properties are computed from the temperature fields associated with 3 unit temperature loads in the X, Y, and Z directions under periodic boundary conditions. #### Model Combines a list of FE Domains and corresponding Connectors into an FE Model. The block performs checks to determine whether all domains are connected/restrained properly. Create a Solid FE Domain by assigning Solid Attributes to an FE Mesh and checking if all the elements of the FE Mesh have corresponding attributes assigned to them. Creates a Solid Domain from a graph lattice with isotropic material properties. Define a tie constraint between two boundary regions so that there is no relative motion between them for structural analysis and no temperature difference between them for thermal analysis. For each selected independent entity, the function looks for the dependent entity and checks if it lies within the radius distance of the independent entity. If no entities are found within the defined radius, the tie constraint will indicate an error. Creates a bonded or no separation contact type between two Boundaries and allows mechanical loads to be transferred between two Domains. Creates a bonded contact between two boundaries which allows for heat flux between the two domains. A contact resistance can be defined to account for thin membrane material at the boundary such as thermal paste. #### Material Attributes Defines an Isotropic Material by providing a list of Isotropic Material Properties. An isotropic material behaves the same in all directions. Defines an Isotropic Linear Elastic Property by specifying Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Providing scalar fields as inputs will result in spatially varying material properties. Defines an Isotropic Nonlinear Thermal Property by specifying the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. Providing scalar fields as inputs will result in spatially varying material properties. Defines an Isotropic Thermal Expansion Property by specifying the coefficient of thermal expansion. Providing a scalar field as input will result in a spatially varying material property. Defines an Orthotropic Material by providing a list of Orthotropic Material Properties. The properties of an orthotropic material can vary in three mutually orthogonal directions. Defines an Orthotropic Linear Elastic Property by specifying directional elastic properties. Providing scalar fields as inputs will result in spatially varying material properties. Defines an Orthotropic Linear Elastic Property by specifying a positive definite, second order, symmetric stiffness tensor in Voigt notation for the constitutive relationship sigma\_i = C\_ij \* epsilon\_j (i,j=1,6), where sigma = (sigma\_xx, sigma\_yy, sigma\_zz, sigma\_yz, sigma\_zx, sigma\_xy) and epsilon = (epsilon\_xx, epsilon\_yy, epsilon\_zz, gamma\_yz, gamma\_zx, gamma\_xy). Providing scalar fields as inputs will result in spatially varying material properties. Define an Orthotropic Nonlinear Thermal Property by specifying directional thermal properties of the desired material. Providing scalar fields as thermal properties will result in spatially varying material properties. Defines an Orthotropic Thermal Expansion Property by specifying the directional thermal expansion coefficients. Providing scalar fields as inputs will result in spatially varying material properties. Defines an Anisotropic Material by providing a list of Anisotropic Material Properties and the material density. The properties of an anisotropic material can vary in any direction. Defines an Anisotropic Linear Elastic Property by specifying a positive definite, second order, symmetric stiffness tensor in Voigt notation for the constitutive relationship sigma\_i = C\_ij \* epsilon\_j (i,j=1,6), where sigma = (sigma\_xx, sigma\_yy, sigma\_zz, sigma\_yz, sigma\_zx, sigma\_xy) and epsilon = (epsilon\_xx, epsilon\_yy, epsilon\_zz, gamma\_yz, gamma\_zx, gamma\_xy). Providing scalar fields as inputs will result in spatially varying material properties. Defines an Anisotropic Thermal Property by specifying specific heat capacity and a second order thermal conductivity tensor, K\_ij, for the constitutive relationship between heat flux and the temperature gradient, q\_i = -K\_ij \* dT/dx\_j. Providing scalar fields as inputs will result in spatially varying material property. Defines an Anisotropic Thermal Expansion Property by specifying a matrix of thermal expansion coefficients in Voigt notation, (epsilon\_xx, epislon\_yy, epsilon\_zz, gamma\_yz, gamma\_zx, gamma\_xy) = (T - T\_o) \* (alpha\_1, alpha\_2, alpha\_3, alpha\_4, alpha\_5, alpha\_6), where T is the current temperature, and T\_o is the baseline reference temperature. Providing scalar fields as inputs will result in spatially varying material properties. Define material properties as attributes of solid elements. Define the beam thickness and material properties as attributes of beam elements. Define shell thickness and material properties as attributes of shell elements. Define material properties as attributes of a Point. #### Mesh Convert a Volume Mesh to an FE Mesh by adding integration points of the desired order to each element within the mesh. Converts a Graph lattice into an FE Mesh by adding integration points of the desired order to the Graph lattice geometry. Convert a 3D Surface Mesh into an FE Mesh containing 3D shell elements. Standard Isoparametric model is used for shell element formulations. Create an FE Mesh of solid tetrahedral elements from a single solid CAD Body. Note that faulty CAD input here can cause the meshing algorithms to fail. If faulty geometry is expected, consider using the "FE Robust Tetrahedral Mesh" function. Create a FE Surface Mesh from the faces of a single CAD Body by discretizing and adding integration points of the desired order to each element within the mesh. Note, faulty CAD input can cause the meshing algorithm to fail. Mesh a solid domain with tetrahedral elements that conform to the boundary of the specified Domain. If the Domain contains quad faces, quadrilateral pyramids will be used. The Remesh Surface block can be used to remesh the boundary Domain if necessary. If the input domain contains defects that cause this block to fail, consider using the Robust Tetrahedral Mesh block. Mesh a solid domain with tetrahedral elements using algorithms that are tolerant to defects such as self-intersections. This function will remesh the boundary of the input domain to generate valid, high-quality elements. If the input domain is likely to be free of any defects, consider using the faster Volume Mesh block. Create a volume mesh forming a Delaunay tetrahedralization from a list of points. Remesh an existing surface mesh. Mirror an FE Mesh using planar symmetry Combine FE Meshes to generate one single mesh by collapsing nodes that are within a given tolerance. Create a boundary layer mesh from a surface mesh. Computes Mesh Quality metrics relevant for simulation including orthogonality, skewness, composite mesh quality, and intersecting triangles. Associates an FE Mesh with a CAD Body. Boundary Conditions applied to the CAD Body will then be transferred to the associated FE Mesh. Creates a six degree of freedom node that can be included in a simulation or optimization. #### Boundary Conditions Applies a force vector to a selected boundary. The force will be evenly distributed over the selected boundary entities. Applies a force vector to selected boundary edge entities. The force will be distributed over the nodes on the selected edge. Applies a general force vector field to selected boundary face entities. The force will be distributed over the nodes of the selected faces. Applies an acceleration load to a selected region. The applied force is calculated by multiplying the acceleration vector by the element masses and distributing over the nodes. Applies a point force to a selected boundary by distributing the load through rigid/flexible body elements. Applies a point moment to a selected boundary by distributing the load through rigid/flexible body elements. Applies a pressure to selected boundary face entities. Applies a bearing load on a cylindrical boundary based on a sinusoidal distribution. Restrains partial or complete cylindrical faces in the 3 cylindrical degrees of freedom. If an input is empty, the corresponding degree of freedom will be unrestrained. Restrains the selected boundary entities in up to six degrees of freedom. If an input is empty, the corresponding degree of freedom will be unrestrained. Applies a displacement restraint to a remote point attached to selected boundary entities using rigid body elements. Applies a distributed heat flux normal to selected boundary face entities. Applies a convection load to selected boundary face entities Applies a radiation load to selected boundary face entities for the given Ambient temp, Emissivity, and Stefan-Boltzmann constant of 5.670374419e-8 W\.m^-2.K^-4 Applies a heat generation density to a selected region. Applies a total heat generation power to a selected region. The quantity of heat generation is distributed across the nodes based on volume fraction. Applies a temperature restraint to selected boundary entities. Defines the baseline temperature to be used in a thermal stress analysis. Thermal stress will be calculated from the difference between the initial temperature and the applied temperature load. Defines the applied temperature load to be used in a thermal stress analysis. Thermal stress will be calculated from the difference between the initial temperature and the applied temperature load. #### Utilities Select elements in an FE Mesh using an Implicit Body. Elements with their center of mass lying within a defined tolerance of the Implicit Body will be selected. Select boundary entities of the FE Mesh (faces/edges/nodes) that lie within a desired tolerance of an Implicit Body. Select boundary entities of an FE Mesh (faces/edges/nodes) using a flood fill operation. The block chooses the closest mesh entities to the specified origin, and uses a flood fill operation to select all mesh entities that lie within a certain specified angle and direction of the originally selected entity. Identifies an Implicit Body to intersect with a Domain to create a sub-region. The output is most often used to specify the location of Body Forces or Optimization Constraints. The Domain is determined at the time of analysis such that Body Forces can be reused and applied to multiple Domains. Identifies an Implicit Body to intersect with a Domain to select the boundary. The output is most often used to specify the location of Boundary Conditions. The Domain is determined at the time of analysis such that Boundary Conditions can be reused and applied to multiple Domains. Transforms a material from basis Source {X,Y,Z} to new basis Destination {X,Y,Z} with tensor omega\_ij=dot(Destination\_i,Source\_j). #### Exchange Import FE Mesh file from an external location. Export an FE Mesh. Export a Material to an external CAE format. Export an FE Model containing FE Mesh, Material and Attribute data, element/entity sets, and FE Connectors to an external CAE format. Export the setup of a Static Analysis to an external CAE format. Export the setup of a Modal Analysis to an external CAE format. Export the setup of a linear Buckling Analysis to an external CAE format. Export the setup of a Thermal Analysis to an external CAE format. Import Static Structural Result file from an external location. Import Modal Result file from an external location. Import Buckling Result file from an external location. Import Static Thermal Result file from an external location. Import Time Dependent Structural Result file from an external location. Import Time Dependent Thermal Result file from an external location. Create a Vector Point Map from nodal displacements of a Static or Explicit Analysis result. Create a Scalar Point Map from nodal von Mises stress values of a Static or Explicit Analysis. Create a Temperature Point Map from the temperature values of a CFD analysis. Creates a vector point map of nodal heat flux values of a linear steady state thermal analysis. Create a unit system for CAE interoperability. If compound units are not provided, the base units will be used to determine the compound units. ### Fluids \[Beta] #### Analysis Calculates the pressure and velocity on a Virtual Model. The solution uses a Lattice Boltzmann Method. A transient simulation is initiated and continues until the flow reaches a statistically steady state, then returns time-averaged pressure and velocity fields. Streamlines will be calculated on the time averaged velocity results. This block requires an NVIDIA GPU. Calculates the pressure, velocity, and surface forces on an implicit body. The implicit body must be oriented in the default aircraft position with flow direction aligned to the positive X-axis, Y-axis the starboard/right wing direction and Z-axis pointing upward (lift direction). The solution uses a Lattice Boltzmann Method. A transient simulation is initiated and continues until the flow reaches a statistically steady state, then returns time-averaged pressure, velocity fields, along with the force on the implicit body surfaces. Streamlines will be calculated on the time-averaged velocity results. This block requires an NVIDIA GPU. #### Model Combines a list of FE Domains and corresponding Connectors into an FE Model. The block performs checks to determine whether all domains are connected/restrained properly. Creates a Fluid Domain by assigning a Fluid Attribute to an Implicit Body. #### Material Information General Purpose Air at NIST (293.15K, 100kPa). Reference: engineeringtoolbox.com Density: 1.204 kg/m^3 Kinematic viscosity: 15.06E-6 m^2/s Thermal conductivity: 0.02587 W/(m-K) Specific heat: 1.006 J/(g-K) General Purpose Water at NIST (293.15K, 100kPa). Reference: matweb.com Density: 998.23 kg/m^3 Kinematic viscosity: 1.002E-6 m^2/s Thermal conductivity: 0.5984 W/(m-K) Specific heat: 4.182 J/(g-K) Defines an Isotropic Material by providing a list of Isotropic Material Properties. An isotropic material behaves the same in all directions. Defines an Isotropic Fluid Property. Defines an Isotropic Porous Medium Property. Define material properties as attributes of a fluid. #### Boundary Conditions Applies a pressure to selected boundary face entities. A Boundary Condition that specifies a fluid's velocity entering or leaving a domain. #### Utilities Identifies an Implicit Body to intersect with a Domain to create a sub-region. The output is most often used to specify the location of Body Forces or Optimization Constraints. The Domain is determined at the time of analysis such that Body Forces can be reused and applied to multiple Domains. Identifies an Implicit Body to intersect with a Domain to select the boundary. The output is most often used to specify the location of Boundary Conditions. The Domain is determined at the time of analysis such that Boundary Conditions can be reused and applied to multiple Domains. Calculates the average flow property on the boundary of a Flow Analysis CFD Result. For correct property results, provide the boundary used in the Flow Analysis execution. Create a list of points from the cell region values of a virtual CFD Analysis result. Creates streamlines from a vector field and a list of seed points. #### Exchange Import CFD Analysis Result file from an external location. Export a CFD Analysis Result. ### Optimization #### Optimization Perform a density-based topology optimization of an FE Model using the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) method. Perform topology optimization on a single solid body. An FE Mesh and isotropic material is all that is needed to define the model. Any of the available responses and constraints can be applied. #### Field Optimization Perform a field optimization on a Parametric FE Model. Create a Parametric FE Domain for a Voronoi Lattice with the following design parameters: cell size and beam thickness. The material model is homogenization-based so the model accuracy will improve as the cell size is reduced. Create a Parametric FE Domain for a periodic lattice with the following design parameters: lattice thickness. The material model is homogenization-based so the model accuracy will improve as the cell size is reduced. Create a Parametric FE Domain for a variable shell structure with the following design parameters: shell thickness (inward direction). Create a Parametric FE Domain for a variable shell structure with a periodic lattice infill with the following design parameters: shell thickness (inward direction), lattice thickness. The infill material model is homogenization-based so the model accuracy will improve as the cell size is reduced. Combine a list of Parametric FE Domains and corresponding Connectors into a Parametric FE Model. The block performs checks to determine whether all objects are restrained properly. Extract an Implicit Body from a Field Optimization result. #### Responses Defines a Design Objective that minimizes/maximizes a Design Response. Create a Design Response that measures the structural compliance (strain energy) of some region for a set of boundary conditions. The response is computed by solving a linear static structural finite element analysis and integrating the derived strain energy density field over the region. Create a Design Response that measures the fraction of material usage in some region. The response is computed by integrating the relative density field over the region. Values can range from 0 to 1. Create a Design Response that measures the maximum centroidal von Mises stress in some region for a set of boundary conditions. The response is derived from the solution of a linear static structural finite element analysis. The best performance is achieved if all loaded regions are assigned to be passive regions. Create a Design Response that measures the maximum displacement of some boundary region for a set of boundary conditions. The response is derived from the solution of a linear static structural finite element analysis. The best performance is achieved if: 1) the selected region is local and contains few nodes, and 2) the selected region is loaded or assigned to be passive. Create a Design Response that measures the smallest natural frequency of the FE model for a set of boundary conditions. The response is computed by f = min\_{i=1..N}(|f\_i - f\_0|), where f\_i represents the N smallest natural frequencies obtained by solving a linear modal finite element analysis, and f\_0 is an offset value. Create a Design Response that measures the total mass in some region. The response is computed by integrating the density field over the region. Create a Design Response that measures a component of the Center of Mass vector in some region. For each vector component, the response is computed by integrating one of the following functions: v\_x = rho \* x / M, v\_y = rho \* y / M, v\_z = rho \* z / M over the region, where x, y, z are the coordinates of the material point in the given reference frame, rho is the density field and M is the total mass in the region. Create a Design Response that measures a component of the mass moment of inertia tensor in some region. For each tensor component, the response is computed by integrating one of the following functions: I\_xx = rho \* (y^2 + z^2), l\_yy = rho \* (x^2 + z^2), I\_zz = rho \* (x^2 + y^2), I\_xy = l\_yx = - rho \* x \* y, l\_xz = I\_zx = - rho \* x \* z, l\_yz = I\_zy = - rho \* y \* z over the region, where x, y, z are the coordinates of the material point in the given reference frame, and rho is the density field. Create a design response that measures the sum of reaction force vectors across a boundary. The response is derived from the solution of a linear static structural finite element analysis. Combines a list of design responses into a single response. The responses are combined according to the operation provided by the Aggregation input. The aggregate can be used in an optimization objective or design response constraint. #### Constraints Formulate an optimization constraint based on a Design Response. Define an FE Region to maintain unaltered during the optimization process. Specify planar symmetry for a topology optimization process. Defines a maximum overhang constraint for the topology optimization process. The constraint precludes designs with an inclination angle below a specified amount with respect to the build plate. Define a geometric extrusion constraint to be enforced in the optimization result. The result will be a 2.5D design of the face along the provided curve. The boundary conditions are not restricted to the 2D domain. Note that for best results using extrusion constraint, it is suggested that the Boundary penalty be set to 0. Define a volume fraction constraint for topology optimization. Define a stress constraint for a topology optimization process. Define a displacement constraint for a topology optimization process. Define a natural frequency constraint for optimization to generate shapes with natural frequencies that lie inside or outside the specified range. Define a constraint on the minimum feature size. Define a constraint on the maximum feature size. Define a demold constraint for a topology optimization process. The constraint ensures no undercuts in the optimized result, enabling release of the mold in the specified demold direction. Defines a geometric projection to be applied as a constraint to the optimization process. The projection will remap the design variable field to the X, Y, and Z scalar field components of the new evaluation location. Constrain the topology optimization process to maintain a repeated pattern defined by a Cell Map. Imposes a 3-axis milling constraint on a topology optimization. Imposes a 5-axis milling constraint on a topology optimization. #### Post-Processing Extract an Implicit Body from a Topology Optimization result. Automatically construct an implicit body from the results of a topology optimization. Create a real field that will output a thickness value based on the element density values resulting from a topology optimization. #### Exchange Import Topology Optimization Result file from a supported format. Export the convergence history of a Topology Optimization result. Create a Scalar Point Map from the element densities resulting from a Topology Optimization.The centroid of each element defines the location of each point. ### Parameter Optimization \[Beta] #### Optimization Runs an optimization algorithm to find the collection of Design Parameters that produce an optimal Parameter Objective value while satisfying all Parameter Constraints. #### Composition Specifies a goal for a Parameter Optimization by indicating a Parameter to minimize or maximize. Guides the optimizer toward the desired outcome. Defines a condition that a Parameter must satisfy. Constraints can be used to enforce limits on Independent Parameters or Dependant Parameter values and define valid solution spaces in workflows such as Parameter Optimization. Creates a Parameter Constraint Group from a collection of Parameter Constraints. Creates a Constant Parameter with a fixed value that does not change. The value can be referenced by other Parameters or evaluators. Creates an Independent Parameter whose value can be adjusted within optional minimum and maximum bounds. Its value can be used by evaluators, which may modify it during computations such as Parameter Optimization. Creates a Dependent Parameter whose value is computed from other Parameters using a specified Surrogate. The value updates automatically whenever its input Parameters are changed by an evaluator. Creates a Parameter Group from a collection of Parameters. #### Surrogates Imports a Neural Network Model stored in the ONNX file format for direct evaluation within the nTop environment. The resulting block can be used for evaluation or use in optimization workflows. #### Utilities Extracts all design parameters at a specific iteration from a Parameter Optimization Result. Computes the value of a Dependent Parameter for a specified collection of input Parameters with constant or known values. Extract the convergence history of a Parameter Optimization Result. Extracts all tracked parameters at a specific iteration from a Parameter Optimization Result. ### Utilities #### Exchange Import Implicit Body file from an external location. Export an Implicit Body to a file. Import part file from an external location. Export part file to an external location. Import Lattice Graph file from an external location. Import Thick Lattice Graph file from an external location. Export a Graph lattice object to an external location. Supported formats are .ltcx and .3mf. Import Mesh file from an external location. Export mesh file to an external location. Exports a Mesh and Graph lattice into a single 3MF file. Import Voxel Grid file from an external location. Export voxel grid. Export list of text objects to a file. Import a list of points from a CSV file. Each row of the file should be formatted as "x, y, z" Export a Point Map to a file. Imports a tabular data set as a Table. Exports Table data to an external file. Import Bitmap file from an external location. #### Conversion Creates a CAD Body from a quad Mesh. Convert a mesh to an implicit body. Create an implicit body from a surface with the zero-surface extending tangentially at the boundary. Create an Implicit Body with the zero-surface extending orthogonally at a surface boundary. Create a surface Mesh from a CAD Body. Creates a Mesh from an Implicit Body. Preserve sharp features by choosing the Sharpen option. Reduce the triangle count of the final result by choosing the Simplify option. Switch to the block overload for more inputs including Sharpening iterations and a region to localize sharpening. This version has a higher computational overhead than Mesh from Implicit by DC, but can handle more complex geometry and produces cleaner meshes. Converts an Implicit Body to a Mesh using Adaptive Tessellation. This method may significantly reduce computational and memory overhead compared to traditional methods, especially when finer tolerances are required. It achieves this by creating fewer triangles in flatter or less complex regions, resulting in a lower overall triangle count. However, this optimization can lead to a less regular and lower quality mesh in certain areas unless remeshing is enabled. Converts an Implicit Body to a Mesh using dual contouring. This version has lower computational overhead than Mesh from Implicit Body, however the result may contain self-intersections and non-manifold edges or vertices. Use Mesh from Implicit Body when a clean mesh is required and/or for the option to sharpen specific regions. Create an Implicit Body from a CAD Body. Creates a closest-point UV parameterization field from a CAD face. The output range will be 0 to 1 from edge to edge in the U and V directions. Generates a voxel grid from a watertight surface mesh. Generates a surface mesh from a voxel grid. Generates a voxel grid from an implicit body. Generates an implicit body from a voxel grid. Convert a Scalar to Text using a specified reference consistently across unit systems. Convert Text to a Scalar value. Values that cannot be converted will be shown as NaN. Creates a simplified representation of an Implicit Body as a boundary envelope with equivalent mass properties. Overall mass will always match. Center of gravity and moments of inertia can optionally match. #### General Merge an ordered list of text into one text object. Splits a single text object into a list of text objects based on a delimiting string, character, or string of delimiters. Returns a single Tab character. Combines multiple Columns of data into a single Table. Extracts a single column of data from a Table as a Text list. Creates a Column from a Text List. Creates a Table of all possible combinations from a set of Columns. Creates a Dictionary from a set of keys and corresponding key values #### System The Await block will execute once the 'Wait For' input is built, and will produce the object in the 'Return' input as the output. This way the Await block can be used to force blocks to run one after the other in serial order. Run an external command, capturing the exit code, standard output, and standard error. Gets the value of an environment variable. #### Transforms Scale object relative to a point. Rotate an object around an axis. Translate an object by a distance vector. Apply multiple transforms to an object. Create a transform to represent a rotation around an axis. Create a transform to represent a translation by a distance vector. Combine multiple Transform operations into a single Transform. Orient geometry from a source Plane to a destination Plane. Place a bitmap on a plane. Bitmaps are mapped from their center to the center of the target plane. Bitmaps are displayed in the viewport. Extract the Axis of rotation from a Transformation. The Transformation must include a rotation. Get the inverse of a transformation. ### Manufacturing #### Slicing Create a stack of cross-sectional slices with even spacing between layers, oriented by a frame. The frame will act as the origin of the slice data. Create a stack of cross-sectional slices with even spacing between layers, oriented by a frame. The frame will act as the origin of the slice data. Slice a graph lattice into layers of points. Create a stack of cross-sectional slices from a mesh. Offset layers of a slice stack along its plane by a distance. Trims a slice stack to exist only within the bounds of the body. Doing so may result in open contours. Reduces the number of points in open and closed polylines within a vector slice stack. Create hatch lines on each layer of a slice stack. Create hatch lines with a 'stripe' pattern on each layer of a slice stack. Create hatch lines with an 'island' pattern on each layer of a slice stack. Merge multiple slice stack objects into a single stack. Layers will concatenate if they are at the same height, otherwise they will be inserted in order of height. Split slices into 3 slice stacks: closed contours, open contours, and points. Combine multiple slice stacks into a single slice stack Boolean subtract the slice stacks Boolean intersect the slice stacks #### Exchange Export slice data, as well as laser power and exposure time, to a CSV point file. Points are uniformly distributed along contour and hatch lines. Export slice stack data to a CLF file. Export slice stack data to an ASCII or binary CLI file. Export slice stack data to a Stratasys SSL file. Export slice stack data to a CLI file for importing into QuantAM. Export slice stack data to a CLI file for importing into EOSPRINT 2. Export slice stacks as an Arcam ABF for opening in EBM Control software. Export points to cli. Import Slice Stack file from an external location. Slices an implicit body and generate images for each slice in the stack. Export slice stack data to a SLC file. Export slice stack data to a CLSv4 file. #### Utilities Find the volume needed to support a body for an additive manufacturing process based on overhang angle. Performs a 2D bin packing of bounding boxes. Boxes that fit will be placed in order of size and remaining boxes will be placed outside and next to the build volume. Find a number of orientations that attempt to minimize the volume of the support regions needed for the body. The implicit block version is more robust and likely to provide more optimal results, while the mesh block version will converge on results much faster but these may be less optimal. ### Beta #### Create Returns a value based on a given condition. Export a JSON file. Converts a Dictionary\ into a JSON format. Converts a Tuple\ into a JSON format.. #### Lattices Warps the Cell Map to the Target Body's surface to achieve a conformal structure. The resulting cells will be warped to achieve conformality. To avoid large distortions, provide a Cell Map that is trimmed to the body with Trim Cell Map. Calculates the pore diameters of any graph lattice. Pore diameter is defined as the diameter of the largest sphere that fits inside a pore without overlapping the structure. The output is a Point Map that contains each sphere's center point and diameter. Depending on the size and complexity of your lattice, the calculation may be CPU intensive. #### Analysis Exchange Imports a Superelement file from an external location. The .bdf file should contain the stiffness and mass properties, as well as the external grid IDs of the Super Element. The .fem file should contain the corresponding global coordinates of the external grid points. Create a Scalar Point Map from the density values of a CFD analysis. Create a Scalar Point Map from the pressure values of a CFD analysis. Create a Vector Point Map from the velocities of a CFD Analysis result. #### Simulation Creates a cyclic symmetry constraint between the upper and lower boundaries of the sector. Remesh a given surface mesh to create conformal nodes and elements on independent and dependent planes. The independent plane is defined by a normal, and the dependent plane is defined by rotating the normal about an axis of rotation in the independent plane. Identifies a CFD boundary on an FE mesh which then can be exported to an external CFD file format. Exports an FE mesh and optional CFD boundary zones to an external CFD file format. Defines a static load which accounts for the inertia effects of an angular velocity and acceleration about a stationary axis of rotation. Perform nonlinear steady state heat conduction analysis on an FE Model subject to prescribed temperature and heat flux boundary conditions. All transient effects of heat transfer are neglected and the temperatures are reported assuming that the system has reached equilibrium. Perform a transient heat conduction analysis on an FE Model subject to temperature and heat flux boundary conditions. Defines a rigid element connector between a Point and Boundary. The connector may either be Flexible (RBE3) or Rigid (RBE2). Remesh an existing surface mesh using parallel processing. The algorithm will automatically partition the input mesh and pre-mesh each partition in parallel. The number of partitions is equal to the Max Threads. When the Max Threads is greater than one, the results may differ each time the block is executed. Creates a spring element between two FE Points. The spring force is calculated using the following formula: F=K\*(u2-u1), where K is a stiffness tensor constructed from the stiffness inputs Kx, Ky, Kz, Kxx, Kyy, and Kzz, and vector u represents the displacement at a point, which includes both translational and rotational components. A Boundary Condition that specifies a fluid's velocity entering or leaving a domain. #### Topology Optimization Extract the convergence history of a Parameter Optimization Result. #### Utilities Converts an Implicit Body to a Mesh using Adaptive Tessellation. This method may significantly reduce computational and memory overhead compared to traditional methods, especially when finer tolerances are required. It achieves this by creating fewer triangles in flatter or less complex regions, resulting in a lower overall triangle count. However, this optimization can lead to a less regular and lower quality mesh in certain areas unless remeshing is enabled. Convert an Implicit Body to a Mesh. Converts an Implicit Body to a CAD Body within a specified Tolerance. As the Tolerance increases, the CAD Body may contain fewer faces and be generated faster. Works best for medium complexity Lattices and Implicit Bodies. For lower complexities, use Mesh from Implicit Body, Quadrangulate Mesh, then CAD Body from Quad Mesh. For higher complexities, use the Simplified Body Representation block. A shaded view of a Scalar Field on a Body. Make a temporary directory on disk. The returned Temporary Directory type contains the path. It is the caller's responsibility to clean up this temporary directory with Remove Temporary Directory before the end of the nTop session. Delete a temporary directory from disk, including any contained files. #### Manufacturing Generate beams under the points needing support on a body for an additive manufacturing process based on overhang angle. Applies a draft/taper angle to a mesh or a region of a mesh. #### Math Create a Map \<1d,1d> from a collection of points using linear or cubic interpolation within the convex hull of the point set and no extrapolation. Evaluate a Map \<1d,1d>. #### Modeling Creates an implicit body by sweeping a conic section along a spine curve between two rail curves, where the conic shape is controlled by a spatially-varying Rho field. The Rho parameter defines the conic shape factor at each point along the sweep (0.5 for parabolic, \<0.5 for elliptical, >0.5 for hyperbolic sections), allowing smooth transitions between different conic types. Creates an implicit body by sweeping a conic section along a spine curve between two rail curves, where the conic shape is controlled by spatially-varying Rho fields and tangent vector fields. The Rho parameter defines the conic shape factor at each point along the sweep (0.5 for parabolic, \<0.5 for elliptical, >0.5 for hyperbolic sections), allowing smooth transitions between different conic types. Creates an implicit body by sweeping a cubic Bézier section along a spine between two rail curves, where the curve shape is controlled by spatially-varying tangent vector fields and their magnitudes at each rail. The tangent vector fields define the direction of the Bézier control handles at each point along the sweep, while the magnitude fields control their lengths, enabling precise control over the curvature and smoothness of the swept surface. ### Rib Design \[Beta] #### Create The selected Unit Cell for the graph generation workflow. This block is used as an input to graph projection blocks or "Periodic Lattice" on a CAD face or quad mesh. Creates a graph on the surface of an implicit body with planar projection. Creates a graph on the surface of an implicit body with curved cylindrical projection based on a centerline curve. Creates a graph on the surface of an implicit body with cylindrical projection. To set the map's orientation and position, use the Frame input. Creates a conformal graph that is conformal to a CAD face. Creates a graph that is conformal to a quad mesh. Note that the U and V orientations of individual cells will not be continuous. Creates a Graph from the Voronoi Diagram of a list of Points restricted to the surface boundary of a body. Constructs a Graph from the faces of a Mesh. Constructs a Graph from a list of Line Segments. Each Line Segment becomes a beam in the resulting Graph. Line Segments that share endpoints will join a shared vertex. Duplicate Line Segments will be removed. Create extruded ribs from a graph on an implicit body surface and custom extrusion direction. Perform a relaxation on the graph. This block will move the vertices with the objective of creating uniform beam lengths. #### Modify Add blend radii between lattice beams. Collapses and merges the vertices of a Graph that are within a given distance of each other. Remove all of the intermediate vertices of a Graph where the vertex valency is equal to 2. All intermediate vertices will be removed by default, but an optional threshold angle may be used to preserve sharp vertices. Trims a lattice with an Implicit Body as a trimming tool. Merges multiple Graph together into a single Graph. Duplicate vertices, beams, and faces will be removed. ### Additive Manufacturing #### Material Reduction Shell an Implicit Body with reinforced zones near selected CAD faces. Perforate an object using a CAD face to determine where the perforation occurs. Create a thickened lattice within an Implicit body with a custom lattice type. Create a walled gyroid structure within an Implicit Body. Merge infill geometry with shell geometry with a blend radius to create rounds between the two. #### Build Preparation Rotate an Implicit Body and place its lowest point on an input build plane. Slice an Implicit Body above the input build plane. The slice placements are calculated in a vertically centered fashion relative to the object to prevent slicing directly on an upper or lower boundary. Create a slice stack by offsetting an existing slice stack inwards, and filling it with checkerboard hatch pattern. Get a plane centered at the floor of a box. Get a plane at the minimum point of the floor of a box. Translate an object by a distance vector. Orient geometry from a source Plane to a destination Plane. Find an orientation that minimizes the height of the bounding box of an implicit body. #### Build Volumes Build volume for preparing a print for an EOS M 270, placed so that the world origin represents the build volume's origin. Build volume for preparing a print for an EOS M 280, placed so that the world origin represents the build volume's origin. Build volume for preparing a print for an EOS M 290, placed so that the world origin represents the build volume's origin. Build volume for preparing a print for an EOS M 300-4, placed so that the world origin represents the build volume's origin. Build volume for preparing a print for an EOS M 400, placed so that the world origin represents the build volume's origin. Build volume for preparing a print for an EOS M 400-4, placed so that the world origin represents the build volume's origin. Build volume for preparing a print for a Renishaw AM 250, placed so that the world origin represents the build volume's origin. Build volume for preparing a print for a Renishaw AM 400, placed so that the world origin represents the build volume's origin. Build volume for preparing a print for a Renishaw RenAM 500M, placed so that the world origin represents the build volume's origin. Build volume for preparing a print for a Renishaw RenAM 500Q, placed so that the world origin represents the build volume's origin. Build volume for preparing a print for a Renishaw RenAM 500S, placed so that the world origin represents the build volume's origin. #### Export Export slice stack data to an ASCII or binary CLI file. Export slice stack data to a CLF file. Export slice stack data to a CLI file for importing into QuantAM. Export slice stack data to a CLI file for importing into EOSPRINT 2. Export slice stack data to a Stratasys SSL file. Export slice stacks as an Arcam ABF for opening in EBM Control software. ### Architected Materials #### Latticing Create a walled gyroid structure within an Implicit Body. Create a thickened lattice within an Implicit body with a custom lattice type. Create a thickened orthofoam lattice within an Implicit Body. Create tetrahedral mesh from CAD body. Create a thickened Voronoi lattice within an Implicit body. Create a thickened lattice from a Delaunay tetrahedralization within an Implicit Body. Fill lattice between two CAD faces. Create a lattice graph that conforms inward or outward from a CAD face. Fill lattice between two CAD faces. Create tetrahedral mesh from CAD body. Apply a 2 Dimensional voronoi lattice to a CAD face. Generate a branching lattice between two input CAD Faces Create a conformal surface lattice from a CAD Face. #### Texturing Alter the roughness of a surface. Create a Voronoi embossing pattern on an Implicit Body. Create a Voronoi debossing pattern on an Implicit Body. Tessellate an Implicit body in the positive X, Y, and Z direction by count. Perforate an Implicit body with cylindrical holes. Apply Simplex Noise to an Implicit body. Apply cellular noise to an Implicit Body. Subtract a thickened conformal beam-based lattice from an input Implicit body. Subtract a blended thickened conformal beam-based lattice form an input Implicit body, using a blending field to control where the blending occurs. Deboss surface with sphere grid from CAD body Apply a wave texture to an Implicit body. Texture the exterior surface of an Implicit body with an organic bubble-like deboss. #### Utilities Remove any kind of beam (closed, floating, and open) from any kind of beam based lattice within an input Implicit Body volume. Remove floating beams from any kind of beam based lattice. Remove open beams from any kind of beam based lattice. Remesh an Implicit body with a simple set of parameters. Remesh a CAD face with a simple set of parameters. Merge infill geometry with shell geometry with a blend radius to create rounds between the two. Merges multiple Graph together into a single Graph. Duplicate vertices, beams, and faces will be removed. Trims a lattice with an Implicit Body as a trimming tool. ### Design Analysis #### Sample Materials General Aluminum 6061 characteristics and uses: Excellent joining characteristics, good acceptance of applied coatings. Combines relatively high strength, good workability, and high resistance to corrosion; widely available. The T8 and T9 tempers offer better chipping characteristics over the T6 temper. Reference: matweb.com Density: 2.70 g/cc Elastic modulus: 68.9 GPa Poisson's ratio: 0.33 Conductivity: 167 W/m/K Specific heat: 0.896 J/g/C Aluminum 7050 has very high strength coupled with high resistance to exfoliation corrosion and stress-corrosion cracking, high fracture toughness, and fatigue resistance. This leads to applications in aircraft structures. Reference: matweb.com Density: 2.83 g/cc Elastic modulus: 71.7 GPa Poisson's ratio: 0.33 Conductivity: 157 W/m/K Specific heat: 0.86 J/g/C General Aluminum 7075 characteristics and uses: Very high strength material used for highly stressed structural parts. The T7351 temper offers improved stress-corrosion cracking resistance. Reference: matweb.com Density: 2.81 g/cc Elastic modulus: 71.7 GPa Poisson's ratio: 0.33 Conductivity: 130 W/m/K Specific heat: 0.96 J/g/C A popular aluminum alloy for additive manufacturing. Melting characteristics may prohibit fine feature sizes with powder bed processes. Reference: matweb.com Density: 2.68 g/cc Elastic modulus: 70.0 GPa Poisson's ratio: 0.33 Conductivity: 115 W/m/K Specific heat: 0.92 J/g/C Heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant, material for high performance at high temperatures. High weldability enables very fine feature sizes. Properties are annealed. Reference: matweb.com Density: 8.44 g/cc Elastic modulus: 208 GPa Poisson's ratio: 0.28 Conductivity: 9.7 W/m/K Specific heat: 0.41 J/g/C Heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant, material for high performance at high temperatures. High weldability enables very fine feature sizes. Properties are annealed. Reference: matweb.com Density: 8.19 g/cc Elastic modulus: 205 GPa Poisson's ratio: 0.284 Conductivity: 11.1 W/m/K Specific heat: 0.435 J/g/C General purpose titanium suitable for applications in blades, discs, rings, airframes, fasteners, components, vessels, cases, hubs, forgings, and biomedical implants. Reference: matweb.com Density: 4.43 g/cc Elastic modulus: 113.8 GPa Poisson's ratio: 0.342 Conductivity: 6.7 W/m/K Specific heat: 0.5263 J/g/C General purpose stainless steel. Reference: matweb.com Density: 8.0 g/cc Elastic modulus: 193 GPa Poisson's ratio: 0.28 Conductivity: 16.3 W/m/K Specific heat: 0.5 J/g/C #### Mesh Generation Create an FE Mesh of solid tetrahedral elements from a single solid CAD Body. Note that faulty CAD input here can cause the meshing algorithms to fail. If faulty geometry is expected, consider using the "FE Robust Tetrahedral Mesh" function. Create an FE Mesh of solid tetrahedral elements from an Implicit Body. Create an FE Mesh of solid tetrahedral elements from a domain defined by a closed surface mesh. This function will remesh the input domain to generate FEA quality elements. Create an FE Mesh of solid tetrahedral elements from a domain defined by a closed surface mesh that is known to have defects. This function will remesh the input domain to generate FEA quality elements in the volume. Note that this function is extremely robust and can handle severe defects. Although, the trade-off for this robustness is speed as the algorithm will be noticeably slower than other alternatives. This function is only recommended if the input domain is known to have severe defects. Create a FE Surface Mesh from the faces of a single CAD Body by discretizing and adding integration points of the desired order to each element within the mesh. Note, faulty CAD input can cause the meshing algorithm to fail. Create an FE Mesh of shell elements from an input surface mesh. This function will remesh the input surface mesh to generate FEA quality elements. Converts a Graph lattice into an FE Mesh by adding integration points of the desired order to the Graph lattice geometry. Creates a six degree of freedom node that can be included in a simulation or optimization. Mirror an FE Mesh using planar symmetry Combine FE Meshes to generate one single mesh by collapsing nodes that are within a given tolerance. #### Model Assembly Create an FE Model for a 3-D solid FE mesh. Create an FE Domain for a 3-D solid mesh. Creates a Solid Domain from a graph lattice with isotropic material properties. Create an FE Connector, in this case a tie constraint, between a solid and lattice FE Mesh. This is useful when simulating a lattice using beam elements and the connecting structure as a solid. Using the provided lattice region, this function will attempt to automatically find the nodes on the lattice mesh that should be connected to the nearby faces of the solid mesh. Within the tie constraint, the rotational degrees-of-freedom are connected by default. #### Selection Sets Create an FE Boundary of mesh entities using a list of CAD faces. Create an FE Region of mesh elements using a CAD Body. Select boundary entities of an FE Mesh (faces/edges/nodes) using a flood fill operation. The block chooses the closest mesh entities to the specified origin, and uses a flood fill operation to select all mesh entities that lie within a certain specified angle and direction of the originally selected entity. #### Restraints Create a fixed displacement restraint by using a list of CAD faces. Restrains the selected boundary entities in up to six degrees of freedom. If an input is empty, the corresponding degree of freedom will be unrestrained. Applies a temperature restraint to selected boundary entities. #### Loads Applies a force vector to a selected boundary. The force will be evenly distributed over the selected boundary entities. Applies a general force vector field to selected boundary face entities. The force will be distributed over the nodes of the selected faces. Applies a pressure to selected boundary face entities. Applies a point force to a selected boundary by distributing the load through rigid/flexible body elements. Applies a point moment to a selected boundary by distributing the load through rigid/flexible body elements. Applies an acceleration load to a selected region. The applied force is calculated by multiplying the acceleration vector by the element masses and distributing over the nodes. Applies a distributed heat flux normal to selected boundary face entities. #### Analysis Calculate displacements, strains, stresses, and reaction forces on an FE Model subject to applied boundary conditions. The loads are assumed to be applied slowly until the model reaches a state of equilibrium, and the relationship between loads and displacements is assumed to be linear. All inertial and damping forces are neglected. Calculate the natural frequencies and mode shapes of an FE Model subject to prescribed boundary conditions. This block calculates a specified number of vibration modes. Providing minimum and maximum frequencies bounds the range of frequencies to be returned. Removing the optional Restraints input leads to a free-free Modal Analysis. Calculate the critical buckling loads and buckling mode shapes of an FE Model subject to prescribed boundary conditions. The resulting eigenvalues are factors by which the load must be multiplied to reach the critical buckling load for that mode. Perform steady state heat conduction analysis on an FE Model subject to prescribed temperature and heat flux boundary conditions. All transient effects of heat transfer are neglected and the temperatures are reported assuming that the system has reached equilibrium. #### Fields Create a Scalar Field that will output a thickness value based on the Von Mises stress results of a static analysis. Create a vector field that will output a displacement based on the nodal displacement results of a static analysis. Create a Scalar Field that will output a thickness value based on the nodal temperature results of a thermal analysis. Create a real field that will output a thickness value based on the Von Mises stress results of a static analysis. This advanced version allows the user to supply their own minimum and maximum version of stress values rather than automatically deriving it from the input analysis. #### Export Export an FE Mesh. Export an FE Model containing FE Mesh, Material and Attribute data, element/entity sets, and FE Connectors to an external CAE format. Export the setup of a Static Analysis to an external CAE format. Export the setup of a Modal Analysis to an external CAE format. Export the setup of a linear Buckling Analysis to an external CAE format. Export the setup of a Thermal Analysis to an external CAE format. Export a Static Analysis Result. Export a Modal Analysis Result. Export a Buckling Analysis Result. Export a Thermal Analysis Result. Export a Time Dependent Thermal Analysis Result. ### Lightweighting #### Volumetric Create a thickened lattice from a Delaunay tetrahedralization within an Implicit Body. Create a walled gyroid structure within an Implicit Body. Fill lattice between two CAD faces. Create a thickened lattice within an Implicit body with a custom lattice type. Create tetrahedral mesh from CAD body. Create a thickened Voronoi lattice within an Implicit body. #### Surface Create a conformal foam structure from the U and V parameters of an input CAD face. Create a honeycomb ribbing from the U and V parameters of an input CAD face. Create structural ribbing from the U and V parameters of an input CAD face. Create structural ribbing from a Voronoi Lattice along the surface of a CAD face. Perforate an Implicit body with cylindrical holes. #### Shelling Hollow an object by offsetting inward or outward the outer surface of an implicit body. Shell an Implicit Body with reinforced zones near selected CAD faces. Merge infill geometry with shell geometry with a blend radius to create rounds between the two. Shell an Implicit Body and fill with a gyroid structure. Shell an Implicit Body and fill with a voronoi lattice. #### Utilities Remove any kind of beam (closed, floating, and open) from any kind of beam based lattice within an input Implicit Body volume. Remove floating beams from any kind of beam based lattice. Remove open beams from any kind of beam based lattice. Remesh an Implicit body with a simple set of parameters. Remesh a CAD face with a simple set of parameters. Compare the weight savings in terms of a volume percentage between two objects. For best results, the lightweight body should be derived from the original body. Creates directional ribs from the beams of a Lattice. Mix one scalar value with another scalar value, based on a mixing factor.