> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.ntop.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # How to use Natural Frequency Response ## Objective: Learn how to use Natural Frequency Response in topology optimization. [Method 1: Maximising the Natural Frequency Response](#h-01hf7xr6t56pvgfbaffh72z2ge) [Method 2: Constraining the Natural Frequency Response](#01hgbf10x8y2s89rd6nk9h5pb8) ## Applies to: * Topology Optimization ## Procedure: **What is Topology Optimization?** It is a process that performs a numerical design operation that determines the optimal shape of a part within the bounds of a Design Space based on a set of objectives and constraints. The block allows the user to design geometries that best achieve the desired objective(s) while considering complex and multivariate loading conditions and design constraints. nTop's TopOpt algorithm uses the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP). This article uses Simulation/Optimization and both of them in nTop have two requirements: FE Mesh and Boundary Conditions (BCs). Follow the instructions in the links below to prepare your model for simulation. **FE Mesh** * [How to create an FE Volume Mesh](/help-articles/knowledge-base/meshing-workflows/how-to-create-an-fe-volume-mesh) * [How to create a Simulation Model](/help-articles/knowledge-base/structures/how-to-create-a-simulation-model) **Boundary Conditions (BCs)** * [How to select boundaries of an FE Mesh - FE Boundary by Flood Fill](/help-articles/knowledge-base/structures/how-to-select-boundaries-of-an-fe-mesh-fe-boundary-by-flood-fill) * [How to choose boundaries of an FE Mesh - FE Boundary by Body](/help-articles/knowledge-base/structures/how-to-select-boundaries-using-boundary-by-body) * [How to use Boundary Conditions](/help-articles/knowledge-base/structures/how-to-use-boundary-conditions) * [How to use a CAD Face in a boundary condition](https://support.ntopology.com/hc/en-us/articles/4609628488083) 1. Set up the Design Domain and any Passive Region. In this example, we use a thin square plate with a box region as a Passive Region. ![Creating the design domain for the analysis and using a small box as the passive region.](https://files.learn.ntop.com/help-articles/optimization/41632435598739.png) 2. As mentioned above, we must mesh the Design space and prepare our **Simulation Model**. We must apply **Displacement Restraint** on the Top, Bottom, and Sides. ![Applying a Displacement Restraint to the Simulation Model.](https://files.learn.ntop.com/help-articles/optimization/41632410057747.png) 3. We run a Modal analysis to ensure loads and the design space mesh have been set up correctly and that no rigid body modes exist. If you have any questions about the setup, this article can help you ([How can I set up a simulation?](/help-articles/knowledge-base/structures/how-can-i-set-up-a-simulation)). In this example, we run the **Modal Analysis** for five modes. The values we obtained from the Modal Analysis are: | **Mode** | **Eigenfrequencies** | | -------- | -------------------- | | 1 | 21774.32645 | | 2 | 21780.52417 | | 3 | 33828.68546 | | 4 | 43760.28749 | | 5 | 44350.11626 | ![Comparing the frequency results of the Modal Analysis.](https://files.learn.ntop.com/help-articles/optimization/41632410063763.png) We are going to see two methods below, which maximize the frequency response and contain the frequency within a range. ## Method 1: Maximizing the Natural Frequency Response 1. We add an **Optimization Objective** and set the following parameters. * Goal: Maximize * Design Response List * Natural Frequency Response * Load Case: Boundary Conditions from the above step * Number of Modes: 5 * Frequency Offset: 0 Hz ![An example of how to set up an Optimization Objective with a Natural Frequency Response block. This set up is intended to maximize the natural frequency response.](https://files.learn.ntop.com/help-articles/optimization/22950679874707.png) 2. We now add an **Optimization Constraints List.** This would have a **Design Response Constraint** and a \*\*Passive Region Constraint.\*\*Our goal in this optimization is to maximize the natural frequency response while reducing the volume by 50%. **![Optimization Constraint list for the Modal Analysis. This list includes a Design Response Constraint and a Passive Region Constraint. The goal is to maximize the natural frequency response while reducing the volume by 50%.](https://files.learn.ntop.com/help-articles/optimization/22950679887123.png)** 3. We now run the Topology Optimization block with the Model, Constraint, and Objectives we created in the above steps. ![Running a Topology Optimization using the Simulation Model, Optimization Objective, and Optimization Constraints defined in the previous steps.](https://files.learn.ntop.com/help-articles/optimization/41632435603347.png) While the Topology Optimization is iterating, you can check how the constraints are met in each iteration by opening the Right Side Panel and clicking on the Display tab. You can export this history for each iteration using the **Export Topology Optimization History** block. 4. Check the results obtained by meshing and performing Modal Analysis as we did in the first section of this article. ![Viewing the results of a Modal Analysis that was run using the same inputs as the Topology Optimization.](https://files.learn.ntop.com/help-articles/optimization/41632435609875.png) ![A graph showing the results of the Modal Analysis for Maximizing Natural Frequency.](https://files.learn.ntop.com/help-articles/optimization/23488188694675.png) ## Method 2: Constraining the Natural Frequency Response 1. We add an **Optimization Objective** and set the following parameters to minimize the natural frequency response. ![An example of how to set up an Optimization Objective with a Natural Frequency Response block. This set up is intended to minimize the natural frequency response.](https://files.learn.ntop.com/help-articles/optimization/23488265512723.png) 2. We now add an **Optimization Constraints List.** This would have a **Design Response Constraint, Planar Symmetry Constraint,** and a **Passive Region Constraint.** In this example, We are trying to avoid any modes from 7500Hz (Lower Bound) to 22500Hz (Upper Bound) * *Frequency offset = 0.5\*(Upper + Lower) = 15000 Hz for input in the **Natural Frequency Response** block.* * *Greater than value = 0.5\*(Upper - Lower) = 7500 Hz for input in the **Design Response Constraint** block.* ![An Optimization Constraint list containing a Design Response Constraint, a Passive Region Constraint, and a Planar Symmetry Constraint.](https://files.learn.ntop.com/help-articles/optimization/23488467839379.png) 3. We now run the **Topology Optimization** block with the above parameters. ![Running the Topology Optimization with the inputs designed to minimize frequency.](https://files.learn.ntop.com/help-articles/optimization/41632435611795.png) 4. Check the results obtained by meshing and performing Modal Analysis as we did in the first section of this article. ![A modal analysis run using the same inputs as the Topology Optimization run for minimizing natural frequency.](https://files.learn.ntop.com/help-articles/optimization/41632435615251.png) ![A graph showing the results of the Modal Analysis for Minimizing Natural Frequency.](https://files.learn.ntop.com/help-articles/optimization/23493831191571.png) We can verify that there are no frequencies in the 7500Hz to 22500Hz Band. | **Mode** | **Eigenfrequencies** | | -------- | -------------------- | | 1 | 6350.851816 | | 2 | 6386.349747 | | 3 | 25619.41088 | | 4 | 27501.22537 | | 5 | 30108.87244 | And that's it. You have successfully applied **Natural Frequency Response** in your **Topology Optimization**. ## Download the Example file: * [Example File](https://files.learn.ntop.com/Support%20Article%20Example%20Files/Knowledge%20Base/Optimization/natural_frequency_response.ntop) ## Keywords: *topopt topology optimization natural frequency response nfr maximise constrain*